Cardiomyopathy
What is Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy is a condition that impacts the myocardium, which is the heart's muscle tissue. It can result in the stiffening, enlargement, or thickening of the heart muscle and may lead to scar tissue formation. Consequently, the heart's ability to effectively pump blood to the body diminishes.
Over time, cardiomyopathy can weaken the heart and ultimately lead to heart failure.
However, various treatments are available to manage the condition. In some cases, individuals with severe cardiomyopathy may require a heart transplant to improve their heart function.
What causes cardiomyopathy?
Causes of cardiomyopathy can stem from genetic factors inherited from parents. Researchers have identified numerous genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathies.
Additionally, other factors contributing to cardiomyopathy include:
- Coronary artery disease.
- Autoimmune diseases like connective tissue disorders.
- Infections affecting the heart muscle.
- Inflammation of the heart.
- Diabetes.
- Thyroid disorders.
- Muscular dystrophy.
- Conditions characterized by elevated cholesterol levels.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Amyloidosis.
- Hemochromatosis.
In some cases, the exact cause of cardiomyopathy may remain unknown to experts.
Risk factors for cardiomyopathy
Risk factors for cardiomyopathy, some of which are beyond your control, encompass:
1. Family history of heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or sudden cardiac arrest.
2. Personal history of heart attacks.
3. Prolonged use of cocaine or alcohol.
4. Pregnancy.
5. Experiencing significant stress, such as the loss of a loved one.
6. Undergoing radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
7. Having a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cardiomyopathy may include:
1. Fatigue.
2. Heart palpitations.
3. Chest pain.
4. Arrhythmia.
5. Shortness of breath (dyspnoea).
6. Swelling (oedema) in the legs or ankles.
7. Syncope (fainting).
While some individuals may remain asymptomatic and require no treatment, others may develop symptoms as the condition advances.
Outlook for cardiomyopathy
While there is no cure for cardiomyopathy, the condition can be managed effectively to slow its progression. By adopting healthy lifestyle choices and seeking medical treatment, many individuals can maintain a high quality of life despite having cardiomyopathy. Proper medication management can significantly improve the prognosis of cardiomyopathy, allowing many people to lead everyday and healthy lives with the appropriate treatment.
