Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, a progressive neurological disorder that impairs memory, thinking, and behaviour. It begins with abnormal protein accumulations—amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—gradually damaging brain cells and leading to brain shrinkage.
Globally, more than 55 million people are affected by dementia, with Alzheimer’s accounting for nearly 60–70% of all cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This translates to an estimated 33–38 million individuals currently living with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide.
According to the Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSI) and The Lancet Public Health30039-7/fulltext), in India, approximately 8.8 million people are affected by dementia—Alzheimer’s being the most prevalent form. Projections indicate these numbers may double by 2050 due to India’s aging population.
What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, a progressive neurological disorder that impairs memory, thinking, and behaviour. It begins with abnormal protein accumulations—amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—gradually damaging brain cells and leading to brain shrinkage.
Globally, more than 55 million people are affected by dementia, with Alzheimer’s accounting for nearly 60–70% of all cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This translates to an estimated 33–38 million individuals currently living with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide.
According to the Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSI) and The Lancet Public Health30039-7/fulltext), in India, approximately 8.8 million people are affected by dementia—Alzheimer’s being the most prevalent form. Projections indicate these numbers may double by 2050 due to India’s aging population.
Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s progresses slowly and is typically divided into seven stages, grouped into early, middle, and late phases:
1. No Impairment (Stage 1)
No visible symptoms; brain changes may begin undetected.
2. Very Mild Cognitive Decline (Stage 2)
Occasional forgetfulness, often seen as normal aging.
3. Mild Cognitive Decline (Stage 3)
Noticeable issues with memory, names, and concentration.
4. Moderate Cognitive Decline (Stage 4) – Early Alzheimer’s
Forgetting recent events, difficulty with complex tasks, mood changes.
5. Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline (Stage 5) – Mid-Stage Alzheimer’s
Significant memory gaps, needing help with daily activities.
6. Severe Cognitive Decline (Stage 6)
Confusion, personality changes, trouble recognizing loved ones.
7. Very Severe Cognitive Decline (Stage 7) – Late-Stage Alzheimer’s
Loss of communication and mobility; requires full-time care.
Causes and Risk Factors
Alzheimer’s is caused by the buildup of two proteins:
- Amyloid forms plaques outside neurons
- Tau forms tangles inside neurons
These disrupt acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for memory.
Key risk factors include:
- Age (primary risk)
- Family history of Alzheimer’s or dementia
- Genetic mutations
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Traumatic brain injury
- Smoking and alcohol use
- Physical inactivity
- Depression and social isolation
Signs and Symptoms
Alzheimer’s symptoms worsen over time and include:
- Memory loss affecting daily life
- Difficulty planning or solving problems
- Confusion with time or place
- Trouble understanding visual or spatial relationships
- Problems with speech or writing
- Misplacing items, inability to retrace steps
- Social withdrawal
- Personality or mood changes
When to Seek Immediate Help
If a loved one shows persistent memory loss or confusion, consult a neurologist.
Book an appointment at Apex Hospitals for early evaluation.
How Is Alzheimer’s Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Treatment Options
Although there is no cure, several treatments can help manage symptoms.
Medications include:
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., Memantine)
- Research-based early-stage drugs
Non-medical therapies include:
- Cognitive stimulation therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Support groups for caregivers and families
Apex Hospital Facilities
Apex Hospitals provides:
- NABH-accredited neurology units
- Memory care programs tailored to each stage
- Diagnostic tools for early detection
- Counselling and support for caregivers
- Regular monitoring and follow-up services
Lifestyle Management and Recovery Tips
- Stay mentally active with puzzles, reading, or learning
- Follow a Mediterranean or heart-healthy diet
- Engage in regular physical activity
- Get 7 to 8 hours of quality sleep
- Use reminders, notes, or digital memory aids
- Avoid alcohol and smoking
- Foster social connections and emotional support
Complications if Left Untreated
If untreated, Alzheimer’s can lead to:
- Total dependency
- Severe cognitive impairment
- Increased risk of infections and falls
- Malnutrition
- Shortened life expectancy
Why Choose Apex Hospitals
- Neurologists with Alzheimer’s care expertise
- NABH-certified infrastructure
- Advanced diagnostic imaging
- Memory units with personalized care
- Holistic emotional and medical support
Explore Apex Hospitals to learn more
Expert Opinions and Guidelines
According to the Alzheimer’s Association, CDC, and India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, early detection and holistic management improve long-term outcomes.
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